NOT function , AND and NAND gates   OR and NOR gates   Antivalence ( XOR ) and equivalence ( XNOR )   Half adders   Full adders   Subtracting circuits   Code conversion   RS - NOR ip - ops   Clocked RS - ip - ops   Static D ip - ops   Dynamic D ip - ops   JK ip - ops   JK master - slave ip – ops   Flip - op applications   Display of binary numbers on LEDs and LED displays   Asynchronous 4- bit counter   Synchronous counter   Decimal counter   Counters for special codes   Divider circuits   Registers   Shift registers   Serial data exchange   Parallel data exchange